Nanda Devi (Hindi
: नन्दा देवी ) is the second highest mountain in India
and the highest entirely within the country (Kangchenjunga
being on the border of India and Nepal
); owing to this geography it was considered the highest known mountain in the world
until computations on Dhaulagiri
by western surveyors in 1808. It was also the highest mountain in India before Sikkim
joined the Indian Union. It is part of the Kumaon
Himalayas, and is located in the state of Uttarakhand
, between the Rishiganga valley on the west and the Goriganga valley on the east. Its name means Bliss-Giving Goddess. The peak is regarded as the patron-goddess of the Uttarakhand
Himalaya. In acknowledgment of its religious significance and for the protection of the its fragile ecosystem, the peak as well as the circle of high mountains surrounding it—the Nanda Devi sanctuary—were closed to both locals and climbers in 1983. The surrounding Nanda Devi National Park
was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988
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